Owl: Welcome to Annotating an Essay or Book, an instructional video on reading comprehension brought to you by the Excelsior College Online Writing Lab. Whether you’re reading an essay or book for class or just for fun, it can be difficult to understand what the author is trying to blogger.comted Reading Time: 7 mins Annotated essay. This assignment is from a first-year Education student. It is an essay based on observations made during the student's professional experience placement. The topic: Researching Teaching. Students were asked to observe teacher-student interactions during their placement and interview the teacher involved Oct 20, · Annotated Bibliography Essay. Disclaimer: This paper has been submitted by a student. This is not a sample of the work written by professional academic writers. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this work are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of StudySaurus
Annotated Bibliography Samples // Purdue Writing Lab
IF any species or race desires a continued existence, then above all things it is necessary that that species or race should go on reproducing itself.
This, annotated essay, I am aware, is an obvious platitude; but I think it was John Stuart Mill who once said there were such things in the world as luminous platitudes. Some truths are so often taken for granted in silence, that we are in danger at times of quite losing sight of them. Though the truisms, to be sure, are of a particular sort too much overlooked in controversy nowadays by a certain type of modern lady writers.
Let us look then briefly at the needful conditions under which alone the human race can go on reproducing itself. If every woman married, annotated essay, and every woman had four children, population would remain just stationary. Or rather, if every marriageable adult man and woman in a given community were to marry, and if every marriage proved fertile, on the average, to the extent of four children, then, under favorable circumstances, that community, I take it, would just keep up its numbers, neither increasing nor decreasing from generation to generation.
If less than all the adult men and women married, annotated essay, or if the marriages proved fertile on the average to a less degree than four children apiece, then that community would grow smaller and smaller.
In order that the community may keep up to its normal level, therefore, either all adults must marry and produce to this extent, or else, annotated essay, fewer marrying, those few must have families exceeding on the annotated essay four children, in exact proportion to the rate of abstention.
And if the community is to increase which on Darwinian principles I believe to be a condition precedent of national health and vigorthen either all adults must marry and produce more than four children apiece, or else, fewer marrying, those few must produce as many more as will compensate for the abstention of the remainder and form a small surplus in each generation.
In Britain, at the present day, I believe I am right in deducing after Mr. Galton that an average of about six children per marriage not per head of female inhabitants is necessary in order to keep the population just stationary. And the actual number of children per marriage is a little in annotated essay of even that high figure, annotated essay, thus providing for the regular increase from census to census and for overflow by emigration.
These facts, all platitudes as they are, look so startling at first sight that they will probably need for annotated essay unstatistical reader a little explanation and simplification.
But, as a matter of fact, all the children do not attain maturity: on the contrary, nearly half of them die before reaching the age of manhood in annotated essay conditions of life, indeed, annotated essay, and in some countries, more than half.
The other two must be provided to cover risks of infant or adolescent mortality, and to insure against infertility or incapacity for marriage in later life. They are wanted to make up the categories of soldiers, sailors, imbeciles, cripples, and incapables generally. So that even if every possible person married, annotated essay, and if every married pair annotated essay four children, we should only just keep up the number of our population from one age to another.
Now, I need hardly say that not every possible person does marry, and that we do actually a good deal more than keep up the number annotated essay our annotated essay. Therefore it will at once be clear that each actual marriage is fertile to considerably more than the extent of four children. That is, indeed, a heavy burden to lay upon women. One aim, at least, annotated essay, of social reformers should certainly be to lighten it as much as possible.
Nevertheless, I think, it will be abundantly apparent from these simple considerations that in every community, and to all time, the vast majority of the women must become wives and mothers, and must bear at least four children apiece. If some women shirk their natural duties, then a heavier annotated essay must be laid upon the remainder. But in any case almost all must become wives and mothers, and almost all must bear at least four or five children.
In our existing state six are the very fewest that our country can do with. Moreover, it is pretty clear that the annotated essay ordered community will be one where as large a proportion of the women as possible marry, and where the burden annotated essay maternity is thus most evenly shared between them.
In other words, it is best for the community at large that most women should marry, and should have moderate families, annotated essay than that fewer should marry and have unwieldily large ones; for if families are moderate there will be a greater reserve annotated essay health and strength left in the mothers for each birth, the production of children can be spread more slowly over a longer time, and the family resources will be less heavily taxed for their maintenance and education.
Incidentally this will benefit both parents as well as the community. That is to say, where many marriages and small families are the rule, the children will on the average be born healthier, annotated essay, be better fed, and be launched more fairly on the world in the end.
Where marriages are fewer and families large, the strain of maternity will be most constant and most heavily felt; the father will be harder worked, and the children will be born feebler, will be worse fed, and will start worse equipped in the battle of life.
Hence I would infer that the goal a wise community should keep in view is rather more marriages and fewer children per marriage, than fewer marriages and more children per marriage. Or, to put these conclusions another way: in any case, the vast majority of women in any community must needs become wives and mothers; and in the best ordered community the largest possible annotated essay will doubtless become so, in order to distribute the burden equally, annotated essay, and to produce in the end the best results for the nation.
Well, it may be annotated essay and unmanly to admit these facts or to insist upon these facts, as we are often told it is by maiden ladies; but still, annotated essay, if we are to go on existing at all, we must look the facts fairly and squarely in the face, and must see how modern tendencies stand with regard to them.
I am an enthusiast on the Woman Question. Indeed, so far am I from wishing to keep her in subjection to man, that I should like to see her a great deal more emancipated than she herself as yet at all desires.
Only, annotated essay, her emancipation must not be of a sort that interferes in any way with this prime natural necessity. To the end of all time, annotated essay, it is mathematically demonstrable that most women must become the mothers of at least four children, or else the race must cease to exist. Any supposed solution of the woman problem, therefore, which fails to look this fact straight annotated essay the face, is a false solution.
It substitutes a verbal juggle for a real way out of the difficulty. It withdraws the attention of thinking women from the true problem of their sex to fix it on side-issues of comparative unimportance. They are pursuing a chimera, and neglecting to perceive the true aim of their sex.
They are setting up a false and unattainable ideal, while they omit to realize the true and attainable one which alone is open to them. For let us look again for a moment at what this all but universal necessity of maternity implies. Almost every woman must bear four or five children. In doing so she must on the average use up the ten or twelve best years of her life the ten or twelve years that immediately succeed her attainment of complete womanhood.
For note, by the way, that these women must also for the most part marry young: as Mr. It is true that in the very lowest state of savagery special provision is seldom made by the men for the women even during the periods of pregnancy, childbirth, and infancy of the offspring.
The women must live as among the Hottentots over the worst of these periods on their own stored-up stock of fat, like hibernating bears or desert camels. It annotated essay true also that among savage races generally the women have to work as hard as the men, though the men bear in most cases the larger share in providing actual food for the entire family. But in civilized communities and the more so in proportion to their degree of civilization the men do most of the hardest work, annotated essay, and in particular take upon themselves the duty of providing for the wives and children.
The higher the type, annotated essay, the longer are the wives and children provided for. Analogy would lead one to suppose with Comte that in the highest communities the men annotated essay do all the work, and the women would be left entirely free to undertake the management and education of the children.
Seeing, then, that these necessities are laid by the very nature of our organization upon women, it would appear as though two duties were clearly imposed upon the women themselves, and upon all those men who sympathize in their welfare: First, to see that their training and education should fit them above everything else for this their main function in life; and, annotated essay, second, that in consideration of the special burden they have to bear in connection with reproduction, all the rest of life should be made as light and easy and free for them as possible.
We ought frankly to recognize that most women must be wives and mothers; that most annotated essay should therefore be trained, physically, annotated essay, morally, socially, and mentally, in the way best fitting them to be wives and mothers; and that all such women have a right to the fullest and most generous support in carrying out their functions as wives and mothers.
And here it is that we seem to come in conflict for a moment with most of the modern Woman-Question agitators. I say for a moment only, for I am not going to admit, annotated essay, even for that brief space of time, that the doctrine I wish to set forth here is one whit less advanced, one whit less radical, annotated essay, or one whit less emancipatory than the doctrine laid down by the most emancipated women, annotated essay. On the contrary, I feel sure that while women are crying for emancipation they really want to be left in slavery; and that it is only a few exceptional men, here and there in the world, who wish to see them fully and wholly enfranchised.
For what is the ideal that most of these modern women agitators set before them? Is it not clearly the ideal of an unsexed woman? Are they not always talking to us as though it were not the fact that most women must be wives and mothers? Do they not treat any reference to that fact as something annotated essay, ungentlemanly, and almost brutal?
as though any man ever resented the imputation of manliness, annotated essay. Now, we men are rightly very jealous of our virility. Annotated essay hold it a slight not to be borne that any one should impugn our essential manhood, annotated essay.
And we do well to be angry; for virility is the key-note to all that is best and most forcible in the masculine character. Women ought equally to glory in their femininity. A woman ought to be ashamed to say she has no desire to become a wife and mother. Many such women there are, no doubt it is to be feared, with our existing training, far too many; but, instead of boasting of their sexlessness annotated essay a matter of pride, they ought to keep it dark, and to be ashamed of it—as ashamed as a man in a like predicament would be of his impotence.
They ought to feel they have fallen short of the healthy instincts of their kind, instead of posing as in some annotated essay the cream of the universe, on the strength of what is really a functional aberration. Unfortunately, too, they have erected into an ideal what is really an unhappy necessity of the passing phase. They have set before them as an aim what ought to be regarded as a annotated essay. And the reasons why they have done so are abundantly evident to anybody who takes a wide and extended view of the present crisis—for a crisis it undoubtedly is—in the position of women.
In the first place, annotated essay, the movement for the higher education of women, in itself an excellent and most praiseworthy movement, has at first, almost of necessity, taken a wrong direction, which has entailed in the end much of the present uneasiness. Of course, nothing could well be worse than annotated essay so-called education of women forty or fifty years ago.
Of course, annotated essay, nothing could be narrower than the view of their sex then prevalent, as eternally predestined to suckle fools and chronicle small beer. But when the need for some change was first felt, instead of reform taking a rational direction—instead of women being educated to suckle strong and intelligent children, annotated essay, and to order well a wholesome, beautiful, reasonable household—the mistake was made of educating them like men—giving a like training for totally unlike functions.
The result was that annotated essay women became unsexed in the process, and many others annotated essay a distaste, an unnatural distaste, annotated essay, for the functions which Nature intended them to perform. At the present moment a great majority of the ablest women are wholly dissatisfied with their own position as women, and with the position imposed by the facts of the case upon women generally; and this as the direct result of their false education.
They have no real plan to propose for the future of women as a sex; but in a vague and formless way they protest inarticulately against the whole feminine annotated essay in women, often even going the length of talking as though the world could get along permanently without wives and mothers.
In the second place, a certain real lack of men to marry, here and now, in certain classes of society, and those the classes that lead thought, has made an exceptional number of able women at present husbandless, and thus has added strength to the feeling that women must annotated essay ought to annotated essay their own living.
How small and local this cause is I shall hereafter try to show: but there can be no doubt that it has much to do with the present discontents among women. But are there not seven hundred thousand more women than men in the United Kingdom? And must annotated essay these seven hundred thousand be enabled to earn their own living?
As a matter of fact, the statistics are not true. There are not seven hundred thousand more women than men, but seven hundred thousand more females than males in the United Kingdom. But figures are things that always require to be explained, annotated essay, and, above all, to be regarded in their true proportions to one another. These seven hundred thousand females include infants in arms, lunatics, sisters of charity, annotated essay, unfortunates, and ladies of eighty, annotated essay.
A large part of the excess is due to the greater longevity of women; and the number comprises the great mass of widows, who have once in their lives possessed a husband of their own, and annotated essay outlived him, partly because they are, as a rule, younger, and partly by dint of their stronger constitutions.
Moreover, this total disparity of seven hundred thousand, including babies, lunatics, and widows, is a disparity on a gross population of something more than thirty-five millions. Looking these figures straight in the face, we find the actual proportion of the sexes to be as males to females, annotated essay. Speaking very roughly, this makes about four females in every hundred, including babies, widows, and so forth, who have not a complementary male found for them.
This in itself is surely no very terrible disproportion. It does not more than cover the relative number of women who are naturally debarred from marriage, or who under no circumstances would ever submit to be married.
Out of every hundred women, annotated essay speaking, ninety-six have husbands provided for them by nature, and only four need go into a nunnery or take annotated essay teaching the higher mathematics. And if the marriageable men and women only are reckoned in the account, as far as I can gather from existing statistics, the disproportion sinks to a quite insignificant fraction. Nevertheless, it is a fact, that both in England and America the marriageable men of the middle and upper classes are not to the fore, and that accordingly in these classes the—discussing, annotated essay, thinking, agitating classes—an annotated essay proportion of women remains unmarried.
The causes of this class disparity are not far to seek. In America the young man has gone West.
Annotating Text lesson
, time: 10:33Annotated essay - Research & Learning Online
Annotated Essay – The Annotated Grant Allen. PLAIN WORDS ON THE WOMAN blogger.com annotations to this essay were made using Hypothesis. To view these annotations, viewers must download the Hypothesis chrome extension. A scrip to the annotations Essay On Annotated Bibliography. Words3 Pages. An annotated bibliography can be the establishment for an alternate, bigger venture, similar to a Research Paper or a dissertation. Taking a shot at an annotated bibliography will be able to assist you for making a paper, and it will help you to compose a vastly improved one Oct 20, · Annotated Bibliography Essay. Disclaimer: This paper has been submitted by a student. This is not a sample of the work written by professional academic writers. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this work are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of StudySaurus
No comments:
Post a Comment