Essay about translation

Essay about translation

The translation is a process of conveying information with the help of linguistic and cultural knowledge. “The fact that we are able to produce equivalent in English for every word does not mean that we can give an adequate translation of the text Introduction. Nowadays, translation is no longer a one-person endeavor but requires multiple participants to collaborate on the same project. Each team member plays a different role and contributes to promoting the effectiveness of a translation task. This project is to Machine Translation (MT) is the field of translating from one source language to any another target language. Machine Translation is one of the most dominant emerging fields of today’s world. Machine Translation came into existence in earlys during the cold war when there was a

Essay Translation: Definition

All people on earth are divided by their cultures, and language is a particular feature that makes us so different from each other. Speaking the same language, essay about translation can easily share our ideas and emotions. We use language when we talk, essay about translation, and when we write. Various languages represent different cultures, and ways of thinking, essay about translation. Developing new communication devices, we make people from all over the world closer to each other.

Now we have to talk to people from other countries much more often than even twenty years ago. Thus, problems caused by different languages arise more often, so we have to adapt, essay about translation, and learn new languages, to better understand each other. These problems are caused not only by different vocabularies, but also by different grammatical structures, and spellings. Translation is a process that helps people overcome such problems.

When we translate a text, we transfer the meaning of a certain phrase, or word, essay about translation. This meaning is transferred from a source language to a target language. To translate a phrase, a translator needs to translate every word to a target language, building new phrase according to a proper structure. As we mentioned above, languages differ by structures, and this fact determines the complexity of such a process, since a translator has to deliver the meaning of the phrase, taking into account structures of both languages, and a context.

Indonesian universities realized the importance of this issue, so now Indonesian students have a new subject — Translation Skill. Essay about translation University of Jakarta is focused on Indonesian — English translations. Studying this new subject, students get knowledge of basic theory of translation, common methods and approaches. Along with that, they also study practice, translating various sources from Indonesian to English, and vice versa. The main goal of any translator essay about translation to deliver essay about translation original meaning, and make the final result easy to read.

A good text is perceived easily and naturally. Different types of texts should be translated taking into account particular features essay about translation each language, and a style. Every style, like official or spoken style, must be used appropriately.

Talking about translation between English and Indonesian, we have to mention different grammatical structures once again Moentaha, This is the most common problem for every translator. Translators from all over the world have been working on various strategies of translation during many years. Experts are developing new methods even now, and their main goal is to simplify the process of translation, preventing translators from common errors and distortions of essay about translation. One of the most common problems among students, especially beginners, is translation shift.

In turn, translation shift includes two major types of such a problem. First one is caused during the adaptation of a structure, which leads to a new, different form.

This is a deviation of meaning itself, essay about translation. Generally, there are two major types of shifts, which are level shifts, and category shifts. First type is determined by essay about translation between two languages, and the second one is measured due to a deviation from the formal meaning.

According to Catfordthis type is divided into four other types, which are intra-system shift, unit shifts, structure shifts, and class shifts. This study is devoted to common questions about translation between Indonesian and English.

We will consider various types of shifts, and which patterns of shifts are often used in specific situations, for example, in order to overcome the difference between two structures of languages. This study was made to consider various types of translation, as well as common types of shifts, and patterns of shifts. For example, students often choose certain types of shifts when they need to transfer meaning of two sentences written according to different essay about translation structures, essay about translation.

This study is based on 5 translations made by real students of University of Jakarta, essay about translation. We will analyze different types of shifts and divide them into five major categories, determined by Cunnison Catford.

Main goal of this study is to provide students who translate texts from English to Indonesian with necessary information, in order to help them transfer the meaning of the text as accurate as possible, taking into account features of structures of both Indonesian and English languages, essay about translation.

Translation is a process of transferring a message from one language to another, delivering the meaning of words and phrases.

Most experts distinguish such necessary features of the translation process, as a source text, information, which is the meaning, and the target text. Translators also have to make their text easy to read and make sure that readers will perceive the target text in a natural way.

According to Catfordtranslation implies replacement of the source text with equivalent target text. What this equivalence means? It means the same information, the same meaning. Thus, translator must be able to find equivalent phrases, to replace certain information with another, equivalent information, written in the target language. Nida gives another definition of the same word, pointing out that translation means finding the closest possible equivalent to the text, which is natural for the target language.

Thus, this definition means not only an equivalent meaning, but also an equivalent style. Nida states that the target text must be not only understood by a reader, but it also must reflect the style of a source. Therefore, main mission of every translator is to translate a text naturally. Another definition of translation was introduced by Newmarkwho states that translators must deliver not only a meaning of a source, but also an intention of its author.

Obviously, all translators must consider such an important issue, in order to create a good text. Larson formulates a complete structure of a proper translation, mentioning structures of meaning, essay about translation, and different forms of the same language.

According to Larson, translation is the process of delivering a meaning from the source language to the target language, following the structure of the source language, essay about translation, and transforming it into the structure of the target language. Essay about translation to Oxford Dictionary, process is a sequence of actions that are done to accomplish certain goals.

Translation includes a sequence of actions indeed, since this process requires different actions, essay about translation, in order to transfer the meaning of the source, and make a new text, essay about translation. Actually, each of these two steps implies its particular sequences of actions.

According to Larsontranslation includes three steps. Translators must learn the lexicons, as well cultural contexts, and other specific features, such as grammar and communication circumstances. To make it right, a translator needs to analyze a text, and learn as much as possible about the source and its author. A translator should get used to the lexicons of the source language and to those of the target language as well, in order to transfer all specific cultural features.

During the analysis, a translator considers the source, and then he or she translates it to the target language. However, this is not the whole process, since after that a translator has to create a final version, essay about translation, which is a target text with a new structure. A translator needs to change the structure and make it closer to the structure of the target language, keeping in mind the structure of the source.

Newmark goes further, and divides the process of translation on four different stages. According to his structure, there are cohesive, textual, naturalness, and referential levels. Obviously, many words have various meanings, essay about translation, depending on the context.

There are also idioms and a lot of figurative expressions, which essay about translation the most difficult parts of translation, since a translator has to translate those idioms first, to get the main meaning, and then this meaning should be expressed in the equivalent form, using expressions of the target language.

There are the referential and essay about translation levels, and translators have to connect these two levels, which is another task. This task was described by Newmark as a essay about translation level.

This is a stage of translation, where a translator uses different language tools, such as synonyms, articles, conjunctions, reiterations, punctuation marks, and general words.

The purpose of the cohesive level is to unite different parts of the text, making it holistic and easy to read. Structure of the text determines how easy readers can understand its meaning, so a translator must be able to create a convenient and natural structure. Finally, a translator goes to a construction stage. Here one needs to analyze the context, and rebuild the text, so that readers could get all specific features of it, perceiving it in a natural and easy way.

Every kind of essay about translation may be perceived naturally or not, depending on the situation and the context. The easiest and the most common solution for such a task is to read the entire text, and change certain expressions that may sound unnaturally. According to Molina and Albira method of essay about translation is a certain way of such a process that is chosen by a translator and used according to his or her objectives. A method of translation affects the whole process of translation, and determines the target text.

Newmark writes about methods of translation and procedures, stating that a method is applied to the whole text, while procedures are applied to smaller constructions, such as sentences and phrases. Obviously, aim of a translator, as well as his or her intention, determine the final result of translation. Newmark also creates a diagram, where different methods are sorted into several groups, such as semantic translation, word-for-word translation, faithful or literal types of translation.

Usually this method is used at the very beginning of a translation process. A translator translates every word of the source, writing words in the target language below the lines of the source. Such an approach is also called interlinear translation. This method gives a chance to illustrate differences between two structures vividly, which can be used on other steps. This method is out of context too, which makes it somewhat similar to word-for-word translation.

However, it implies placing words in the target text, according to the structure of the target language. This method takes into account the essay about translation, so a translator sorts phrases according to the structure of the target language, and searches for contextual meanings of specific phrases, essay about translation.

This approach helps translate cultural words, but grammatical structure still may be inaccurate, essay about translation. The main goal of a translator here is to deliver the intention. This method should be considered more natural than others, since it considers the aesthetic features of essay about translation source. Thus, a translator finds cultural equivalents in target language, which makes this method much more flexible than faithful translation, which, according to Newmarkis dogmatic and rigid.

Many people consider this method the freest approach to translation, since its aim is to create cultural conversions, without changing key features of the source text. This method is used in poetry or plots.

Using this method of translation, the only goal is to deliver the meaning of the source clearly. Obviously, such a method involves the use of idioms, as well as colloquialisms.

Following this essay about translation, translators create texts that sound naturally in the target language, using various familiar expressions. According to Marchalithis method is focused on elements of communication.

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Free Translation Essays and Papers Summary Of Translation And Translation. TRANSLATION AND READING By Rainer Schulte In moments when the established Feminist Translation And Feminist Translation. At a glance, it is easy to come to the conclusion that they break the Lost in Translation. PT53 ’dc22 f Text and Context Essays on Translation and Interpreting in Honour of Ian Mason Edited by Mona Baker, Maeve Olohan and María Calzada Pérez Ian Mason has been a towering presence in the now flourishing discipline of translation studies since its inception, and has produced some of the most in- fluential and detailed analyses of translated text and interpreted The translation is a process of conveying information with the help of linguistic and cultural knowledge. “The fact that we are able to produce equivalent in English for every word does not mean that we can give an adequate translation of the text